Genital Warts

What are genital warts?

Genital warts, also known as condylomata acuminata, are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). They are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and look like small fleshy bumps on the skin of the genital area. Genital warts do not usually cause any pain and they are not threatening to your health. However, they can look unpleasant, which can cause emotional distress. 

Diagnosis of genital warts

If you suspect that you have genital warts for the first time or if a current or recent sexual partner develops genital warts, you should visit your local sexual health clinic. Genital warts are usually diagnosed after visual examination, so a doctor or a nurse will examine the genital area for warts. Sometimes the warts may be very small, so the professional may use a magnifying glass. If there are suspected warts in places that are not visually obvious, then a more detailed exam may be performed, such as a vaginal, anal or urethra examination.

Prevention of genital warts

To reduce the risk of developing genital warts and other sexually transmitted infections, you should:

• Use condoms during vaginal and anal sex to prevent transmission. 
• If engaging in oral sex, use a condom to cover the penis or a polyurethane square (dental dam) to cover the female genitals and anus.
• Avoid sharing sex toys where possible. Ensure they are washed and covered with a fresh condom between users if sharing.
• If you’re a woman engaging in sex with another women, use a soft polyurethane or latex square (dental dam) to cover your vulva.
• Get the HPV vaccine.
• Eat well, sleep well and exercise to strengthen the immune system in order to fight off the HPV infection.

Genital warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV).  HPV is spread through sexual contact. Both men and women can carry and pass on HPV. Genital warts can be passed on through skin-to-skin contact as well as penetrative sex. The infection is more likely to spread if visible warts are present, however it is still possible for the virus to spread without the warts being visible. The virus does not spread through condoms, however, if there are warts on parts of the genitals that are not covered by the condom, then the infection can still spread. Genital warts can spread to the anal area without necessarily engaging in anal sex and they can also spread to the mouth after oral sex, although this is rare. HPV does not spread from kissing, hugging or from sharing household objects, such as towels, toilet seats and cutlery.

The main symptom of genital warts is small fleshy bumps on the skin of the genital area.

Most people with HPV will not have visible warts or symptoms and the virus will usually go away on its own. If warts do develop, it could be after months or years after coming in contact with the virus. 

The most common places to find the genital warts in women is:

• Around the opening of the vagina (the vulva)
• In the neck of the womb (the cervix)
• Around and inside of the anus
• On the upper thighs

The most common places to find the genital warts in men is:

• On the penis
• On the scrotum
• Around and inside the anus
• On the upper thighs
• Inside the urethra
• Genital warts are usually painless. However, they rarely can itch and become inflamed.